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What is pulmonary embolism?
It happens when a clot breaks away from a deep vein (usually in the leg) and travels through the bloodstream to the lung arteries, blocking them. This impairs oxygen delivery and poses an immediate danger depending on the size of the clot.
Emergency symptoms
- Sudden shortness of breath.
- Chest pain that worsens with deep breathing.
- A rapid heartbeat.
- Cough, sometimes with blood.
- Dizziness or fainting.
The link with DVT
Pulmonary embolism is usually a complication of deep vein thrombosis in the leg, so preventing and treating DVT early is the best protection against it.
Treatment and prevention
Pulmonary embolism needs emergency treatment with anticoagulants; severe cases may require clot-dissolving therapy or a catheter procedure. Prevention starts with preventing DVT through movement and follow-up.
Frequently asked questions
Is pulmonary embolism fatal?
It can be life-threatening, but rapid treatment greatly improves the outlook.
How can I protect myself?
By preventing deep vein thrombosis and moving regularly.
What should I do first if I have symptoms?
Seek emergency medical help immediately.
Can it recur?
It can, so anticoagulant treatment and follow-up are important.
Sudden breathlessness with chest pain after a leg clot — do not wait, seek help immediately.
Prof. Ahmed Samir Hosny
Professor of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery — Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University
Professor of Vascular & Endovascular Surgery at Kasr Al Ainy, Cairo University. Fellowship in peripheral endovascular interventions (Kiel, Germany) and aortic surgery fellowship (Cologne, Germany); Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.
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